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\u4e00\u3001 \u570b\u969b\u6d77\u4e8b\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u570b\u969b\u6d77\u4e8b\u6cd5\u898f<\/strong>
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\n\u5728\u9ad4\u73feIMO\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d77\u4e8b\u76e3\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7576\u5c6c\u300a\u6d77\u4e0a\u4eba\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u300b\uff08SOLAS\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u662f1900\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u689d\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u56e0\u61c9\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9435\u9054\u5c3c\u865f\u6c89\u8239\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u81ea1914\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u4e26\u63a1\u8a8d\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0cSOLAS\u7d93\u6b77\u591a\u6b21\u516c\u7d04\u88dc\u5145\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u7d04\u4fee\u8a02\u65bc1974\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8a72\u689d\u7d04\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300cSOLAS 1974\u300d\u3002
\n\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0cSOLAS\u5efa\u7acb\u8239\u8236\u5efa\u9020\u3001\u8a2d\u5099\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u8a72\u689d\u7d04\u7de0\u7d04\u570b\u85c9\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8a8d\u8b49\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u61f8\u639b\u5404\u81ea\u570b\u65d7\u7684\u8239\u96bb\u9075\u5b88SOLAS\u3002\u57282021\u5e74\uff0c\u6709166\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u662fSOLAS 1974\u7684\u7de0\u7d04\u570b\uff0c\u4f54\u4e16\u754c\u822a\u904b\u5678\u4f4d\u7d0499\uff05\u3002
\n\u5118\u7ba1\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21SOLAS\u516c\u7d04\u65bc1974\u5e74\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ea6\u900f\u904eIMO\u7684\u300c\u9ed8\u8a31\u300d\uff08tacit acceptance\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c0d\u689d\u7d04\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5c31\u50cfSOLAS\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6158\u6848\u767c\u751f\u5f8c\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u59821987\u5e74\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u767c\u751f\u8fd1200\u4eba\u55aa\u751f\u7684\u6e21\u8f2a\u4e8b\u6545\u5f8c\uff0cSOLAS\u96a8\u5373\u52a0\u5165\u300c\u570b\u969b\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\uff08International Safety Management \uff0cISM\uff09\u6b64\u4e00\u65b0\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u50b7\u4ea1\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u73fe\u6d89\u6848\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4e8b\u6545\u8087\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64IMO\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86ISM\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u77ef\u6b63\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u54e1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8239\u8236\u548c\u5cb8\u4e0a\u300c\u6563\u6f2b\u75c7\u300d\u3002ISM\u6e96\u5247\u65bc1998\u5e74\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u4f7f\u300c\u8239\u904b\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u6e05\u6f54\u300d\u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001 2021\u5e74IMO\u7db2\u8def\u6307\u5357<\/strong>
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\nMSC.429\uff0898\uff09\u865f\u6c7a\u8b70\u9084\u5305\u542b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u8072\u660e\u3002IMO\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u9f13\u52f5\u5404\u570b\u57282021\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u4e4b\u524d\u300c\u9069\u5ea6\u8655\u7406\u300d\u6b64\u4e00\u65e2\u5b58\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u8aaa\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9452\u65bcIMO\u7db2\u8def\u6307\u5357\u9810\u8a08\u6700\u9072\u65bc\u65b0\u5e74\u5ea6\u5be6\u65bd\uff0cIMO\u6566\u4fc3\u8239\u65d7\u570b\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u9ad4\u7cfb\u672a\u9069\u7576\u89e3\u6c7a\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5411\u8239\u8236\u7c3d\u767c\u5408\u898f\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
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\u5916\u754c\u4e0d\u4f46\u671f\u5f85ISM\u6e96\u5247\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u4efd\u300c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u671f\u76fc\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u548c\u696d\u754c\u9f8d\u982d\u6191\u85c9\u517618\u5e74ISM\u6e96\u5247\u5be6\u65bd\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u56e0\u61c9\u5728\u65b0\u8208\u7db2\u8def\u5834\u57df\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u6311\u6230\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u627e\u51fa\u300c ISM\u6e96\u5247\u300d\u65e2\u5b58\uff08\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8655\u65bc\u4f11\u7720\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u5177\u5f37\u5236\u7d04\u675f\u529b\u7684\u7522\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u6307\u5357\u4f86\u5be6\u65bd\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u5f97\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5197\u9577\u7684SOLAS 1974\u548cISM\u6e96\u5247\u4fee\u8a02\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f9d\u6191ISM\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u67b6\u69cb\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u7db2\u8def\u5a01\u8105\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8239\u65d7\u570b\u5c07\u81ea2021\u5e74\u5c07\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u52aa\u529b\u4fc3\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001 \u78ba\u4fdd\u6e2f\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/strong>
\nSOLAS 1974\u5df2\u9032\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u65bd\u8af8\u5982ISM\u6e96\u5247\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u9644\u5c6c\u6cd5\u898f\u3002SOLAS\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u9644\u5c6c\u6cd5\u898f\u662f\u300a\u570b\u969b\u8239\u8236\u66a8\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u4fdd\u5168\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff08International Ship and Port Facility Security Code\uff0cISPS\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662fIMO\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5834\u60b2\u5287 \u2013 9\/11\u6050\u653b \u2013 \u4e4b\u5f8c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u5b89\u5168\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u5404\u65b9\u8003\u616e\u63a1\u7528IMO\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u7db2\u8def\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u6642\uff0cMSC\u900f\u904eMSC 97\/22\u6587\u4ef6\u5ba3\u7a31\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u8a8d\u70baISPS\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u61c9\u5c0d\u7db2\u8def\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u65bc2017\u5e74\u4e3b\u5f35ISM\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u7d0d\u5165\u8207\u7db2\u8def\u5e72\u9810\uff08cyber-enabled\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u98a8\u96aa\uff0cIMO\u6700\u7d42\u9084\u662f\u9078\u5b9aISM\u505a\u70ba\u4fc3\u9032\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u4e0a\u7db2\u8def\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7684\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u975eISPS\u3002
\n\u5118\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528ISM\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u5bec\u5ee3\u67b6\u69cb\u6216\u8a31\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u6db5\u84cb\u7279\u5b9a\u8239\u8236\u53ca\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684ISPS\u6e96\u5247\uff0cISM\u6e96\u5247\u5373\u4f7f\u5177\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u50c5\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u8239\u8236\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u696d\u4e3b\u548c\u904b\u71df\u5546\u6050\u7121\u6cd5\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc2021\u5e74IMO\u65b0\u7248\u7db2\u8def\u6307\u5357\u5be6\u65bd\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002
\n\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8cbf\u6613\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u79d1\u6280\u3002\u6b63\u59822020\u5e745\u6708\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u6c99\u5e0c\u5fb7\u62c9\u8cc8\u4f0a\uff08Shahid Rajaee\uff09\u6e2f\u78bc\u982d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u653b\u64ca\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u81ea2017\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u56db\u5927\u6d77\u904b\u516c\u53f8\u5747\u6dea\u70ba\u7db2\u8def\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u57282020\u5e749\u6708\u3002\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u7121\u7591\u90fd\u96e3\u4ee5\u64fa\u812b\u7db2\u8def\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u6709\u5fc3\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u5f31\u9ede\u60f9\u4e8b\u751f\u975e\u3002
\n\u8003\u616e\u5230\u8cc7\u5b89\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u548c\u6d77\u904b\u696d\u754c\u9f8d\u982d\u61c9\u5728IMO\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u5236\u5b9a\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5011\u5408\u4f5c\u4fdd\u8b77\u8239\u96bb\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u662f\uff0c2016\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u5c31\u66fe\u5411MSC\u63d0\u51fa\u6b64\u4e00\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u5728MSC 97\/4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u5c0d\u6e2f\u53e3\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6307\u5357\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u3002\u9019\u9805\u63d0\u8b70\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u9810\u793a\u4e862020\u5e74Shahid Rajaee\u6e2f\u53e3\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u7db2\u8def\u653b\u64ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u6e2f\u53e3\u548c\u95dc\u9375\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u5f8c\u679c\u3002
\n\u5118\u7ba1MSC\u4e26\u672a\u5c31\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4f462016\u5e7412\u6708\u4ecd\u5c0d\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u8868\u793a\u611f\u8b1d\uff0c\u4e26\u9080\u8acb\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u4f9bMSC\u672a\u4f86\u53c3\u8003\u3002\u4f46\u8fc4\u4eca2021\u5e741\u6708\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u5c1a\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u63d0\u4ea4\u6b64\u985e\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8a72\u662f\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u6642\u523b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001 \u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong>
\nIMO\u6d77\u4e0a\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6307\u5357\u582a\u7a31\u822a\u904b\u696d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u8239\u65d7\u570b\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8239\u904b\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u4eca\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u696d\u754c\u8072\u63f4\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u53cd\u8986\u8a55\u4f30\u8239\u8236\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ba\u9069\u7576\u4fdd\u8b77\u6d77\u4e0a\u904b\u8f38\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u74b0\u7bc0\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5982\u540c\u8239\u65d7\u570b\u53ca\u5176\u8239\u8236\uff0c\u6e2f\u53e3\u570b\u53ca\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u884c\u52d5\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u6d77\u4e0a\u8a2d\u65bd\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u8239\u8236\u7db2\u8def\u6a19\u6e96\u7e3d\u7b97\u65bc2021\u5e74\u51fa\u7210\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6b63\u662f\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u8207\u696d\u8005\u9f4a\u805aIMO\u5546\u8b70\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u985e\u4f3c\u6a19\u6e96\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5168\u7403\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u6642\u523b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Maritime Executive<\/a>\uff0c01\/10\/2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u65b0\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u5230\u4f86\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u62b1\u6301\u65b0\u5e0c\u671b\u30022020\u5e74\u5404\u754c\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u75ab\u60c5\u6240\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u671f\u5f85\u57282021\u5e74\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d77\u4e8b\u884c\u696d\u5ee0\u5546\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u570b\u969b\u8cbf\u6613\u5546\u8239\u7684\u8239\u6771\u548c\u71df\u904b\u5546\u5011\u800c\u8a00\uff0c2021\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8239\u8236\u4fdd\u8b77\u6e96\u5247 \u2013 \u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u570b\u969b\u6d77\u4e8b\u7d44\u7e54\uff08International Maritime Organization\uff0cIMO\uff09\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6307\u5357\u3002 \u9019\u5957\u65b0\u6e96\u5247\u582a\u7a31\u6d77\u4e0a\u5b89\u5168\u8207\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u662f\u822a\u904b\u754c\u9f8d\u982d\u8207IMO\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u9593\u5354\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u822a\u904b\u696d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u767c\u5c55\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u904a\u6232\u898f\u5247\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u81f4\u65b9\u6cd5\u56e0\u61c9\u7db2\u8def\u5c0d\u8239\u8236\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u582a\u7a31\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4efd2021\u5e74\u7248\u6307\u5357\u537b\u672a\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u300d\u5efa\u7acb\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u3002\u5728\u8239\u904b\u696d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e0d\u4f46\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u74b0\u7bc0\u4e00\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u9762\u81e8\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u65e2\u7136IMO\u7684\u8239\u8236\u6307\u5357\u5df2\u9032\u5165\u5be6\u65bd\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u548c\u696d\u754c\u9f8d\u982d\u61c9\u518d\u6b21\u5c07\u8cc7\u5b89\u653e\u5728\u512a\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u8207IMO\u5408\u4f5c\u70ba\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u5236\u5b9a\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u6a19\u6e96\u3002 \u4e00\u3001 \u570b\u969b\u6d77\u4e8b\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u570b\u969b\u6d77\u4e8b\u6cd5\u898f \u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u8cc7\u5b89\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0bIMO\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u898f\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u30021948\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u9593\u6d77\u4e8b\u8aee\u8a62\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\uff08Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization\uff0cIMCO\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1982\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u66f4\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u570b\u969b\u6d77\u4e8b\u7d44\u7e54\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5168\u7403\u5728\u570b\u969b\u8cbf\u6613\u822a\u904b\u6cd5\u898f\u548c\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u570b\u969b\u6d77\u4e8b\u7d44\u7e54\u65e8\u5728\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u53cb\u597d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8239\u904b\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e00\u5411\u90fd\u662f\u570b\u969b\u6027\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64IMO\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4e26\u4fc3\u9032174\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u652f\u6301\u524d\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6cd5\u898f\u3002IMO\u81ea\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u7dad\u6301\u5805\u97cc\u8207\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002 \u5728\u9ad4\u73feIMO\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d77\u4e8b\u76e3\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7576\u5c6c\u300a\u6d77\u4e0a\u4eba\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u300b\uff08SOLAS\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u662f1900\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u689d\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u56e0\u61c9\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9435\u9054\u5c3c\u865f\u6c89\u8239\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u81ea1914\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u4e26\u63a1\u8a8d\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0cSOLAS\u7d93\u6b77\u591a\u6b21\u516c\u7d04\u88dc\u5145\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u7d04\u4fee\u8a02\u65bc1974\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8a72\u689d\u7d04\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300cSOLAS 1974\u300d\u3002 \u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0cSOLAS\u5efa\u7acb\u8239\u8236\u5efa\u9020\u3001\u8a2d\u5099\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u8a72\u689d\u7d04\u7de0\u7d04\u570b\u85c9\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8a8d\u8b49\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u61f8\u639b\u5404\u81ea\u570b\u65d7\u7684\u8239\u96bb\u9075\u5b88SOLAS\u3002\u57282021\u5e74\uff0c\u6709166\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u662fSOLAS 1974\u7684\u7de0\u7d04\u570b\uff0c\u4f54\u4e16\u754c\u822a\u904b\u5678\u4f4d\u7d0499\uff05\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21SOLAS\u516c\u7d04\u65bc1974\u5e74\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ea6\u900f\u904eIMO\u7684\u300c\u9ed8\u8a31\u300d\uff08tacit acceptance\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c0d\u689d\u7d04\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5c31\u50cfSOLAS\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6158\u6848\u767c\u751f\u5f8c\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u59821987\u5e74\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u767c\u751f\u8fd1200\u4eba\u55aa\u751f\u7684\u6e21\u8f2a\u4e8b\u6545\u5f8c\uff0cSOLAS\u96a8\u5373\u52a0\u5165\u300c\u570b\u969b\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\uff08International Safety Management \uff0cISM\uff09\u6b64\u4e00\u65b0\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u50b7\u4ea1\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u73fe\u6d89\u6848\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4e8b\u6545\u8087\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64IMO\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86ISM\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u77ef\u6b63\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u54e1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8239\u8236\u548c\u5cb8\u4e0a\u300c\u6563\u6f2b\u75c7\u300d\u3002ISM\u6e96\u5247\u65bc1998\u5e74\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u4f7f\u300c\u8239\u904b\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u6e05\u6f54\u300d\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001 2021\u5e74IMO\u7db2\u8def\u6307\u5357 ISM\u6e96\u5247\u662fIMO\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u5236\u5b9a2021\u5e74\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6307\u5357\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u9019\u5957\u7db2\u8def\u6307\u5357\u65bc2017\u5e74\u900f\u904e\u4e09\u9805\u4e3b\u8981\u8072\u660e\u4f86\u767c\u5e03\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728MSC.429\uff0898\uff09\u865f\u6c7a\u8b70\u6848\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u6d77\u4e0a\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u4e2d\uff0cIMO\u518d\u5ea6\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86ISM\u8981\u6c42\u964d\u4f4e\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u4f9d\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u5df2\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8a72\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u898f\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u53f8\u5fc5\u9808\u5efa\u7acb\u9632\u7bc4\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u8239\u8236\u3001\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u9762\u81e8\u4efb\u4f55\u98a8\u96aa\u3002 MSC.429\uff0898\uff09\u865f\u6c7a\u8b70\u9084\u5305\u542b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u8072\u660e\u3002IMO\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u9f13\u52f5\u5404\u570b\u57282021\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u4e4b\u524d\u300c\u9069\u5ea6\u8655\u7406\u300d\u6b64\u4e00\u65e2\u5b58\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u8aaa\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9452\u65bcIMO\u7db2\u8def\u6307\u5357\u9810\u8a08\u6700\u9072\u65bc\u65b0\u5e74\u5ea6\u5be6\u65bd\uff0cIMO\u6566\u4fc3\u8239\u65d7\u570b\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u9ad4\u7cfb\u672a\u9069\u7576\u89e3\u6c7a\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5411\u8239\u8236\u7c3d\u767c\u5408\u898f\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 IMO\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u8072\u660e\u662f\u57282017\u5e747\u6708\u7684\u901a\u51fd\u4e2d\uff0cIMO\u5ba3\u5e03\u300c\u6d77\u4e8b\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\uff08MSC\uff09\u548c\u7c21\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5171\u540c\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6307\u5357\u3002\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u8207\u822a\u904b\u9f8d\u982d\u5408\u4f5c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5404\u65b9\u9075\u5b88\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65e2\u5b58\u7684ISM\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u964d\u4f4e\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u5728\u8a72\u901a\u51fd\u4e2d\uff0cIMO\u5efa\u8b70\u8239\u8236\u548c\u8239\u65d7\u570b\u5728\u5408\u898f\u6027\u5be9\u6838\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a55\u4f30\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u9069\u7576\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002 \u5916\u754c\u4e0d\u4f46\u671f\u5f85ISM\u6e96\u5247\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u4efd\u300c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u7db2\u8def\u98a8\u96aa\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u671f\u76fc\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u548c\u696d\u754c\u9f8d\u982d\u6191\u85c9\u517618\u5e74ISM\u6e96\u5247\u5be6\u65bd\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u56e0\u61c9\u5728\u65b0\u8208\u7db2\u8def\u5834\u57df\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u6311\u6230\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u627e\u51fa\u300c ISM\u6e96\u5247\u300d\u65e2\u5b58\uff08\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8655\u65bc\u4f11\u7720\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u5177\u5f37\u5236\u7d04\u675f\u529b\u7684\u7522\u696d\u884c\u70ba\u6307\u5357\u4f86\u5be6\u65bd\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u5f97\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5197\u9577\u7684SOLAS 1974\u548cISM\u6e96\u5247\u4fee\u8a02\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f9d\u6191ISM\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u67b6\u69cb\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u7db2\u8def\u5a01\u8105\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8239\u65d7\u570b\u5c07\u81ea2021\u5e74\u5c07\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u52aa\u529b\u4fc3\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002 \u4e09\u3001 \u78ba\u4fdd\u6e2f\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c SOLAS 1974\u5df2\u9032\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u8a02\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u65bd\u8af8\u5982ISM\u6e96\u5247\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u9644\u5c6c\u6cd5\u898f\u3002SOLAS\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u9644\u5c6c\u6cd5\u898f\u662f\u300a\u570b\u969b\u8239\u8236\u66a8\u6e2f\u53e3\u8a2d\u65bd\u4fdd\u5168\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff08International Ship and Port Facility Security Code\uff0cISPS\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662fIMO\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5834\u60b2\u5287 \u2013 9\/11\u6050\u653b \u2013 \u4e4b\u5f8c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u5b89\u5168\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u5404\u65b9\u8003\u616e\u63a1\u7528IMO\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u7db2\u8def\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u6642\uff0cMSC\u900f\u904eMSC 97\/22\u6587\u4ef6\u5ba3\u7a31\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u8a8d\u70baISPS\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u61c9\u5c0d\u7db2\u8def\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u65bc2017\u5e74\u4e3b\u5f35ISM\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u7d0d\u5165\u8207\u7db2\u8def\u5e72\u9810\uff08cyber-enabled\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u98a8\u96aa\uff0cIMO\u6700\u7d42\u9084\u662f\u9078\u5b9aISM\u505a\u70ba\u4fc3\u9032\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u4e0a\u7db2\u8def\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7684\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u975eISPS\u3002 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